NARRATOR Time-tested methods to create prejudice and hatred for a group of people are “othering and exclusion.” Here is how they work. First, mark the objects of hatred as “others.” Then use the mark as a way of recognizing and ostracizing these “others.” The Star of David—which became known as The Jewish Badge—was used by the Nazis as a marker of exclusion. It served several practical purposes: to identify, to segregate, to humiliate, to stigmatize, to control, and to deport. The Jewish Badge took many forms depending on location. Some were blue on white and worn as an armband. Some were gold, some yellow. In most locations, Jews were required to purchase the badge and sew it on their clothing. Sometimes they were sewn on the chest—specifically on the left… or the right. In some instances, the badge was decreed to be on the front AND the back, so the Jew was recognizable from either direction. In every instance the goal was to mark the object of hatred and to exclude. The badge was suggested as early as 1938, and by 1941, it was decreed that all Jews over age six in German-occupied territories would wear it. Jews who failed to wear the badge met with severe consequences. In Poland, it was announced: “… the authorities have warned that severe punishment—up to and including death by shooting—is in store for Jews who do not wear the yellow badge on back and front.” A common piece of Nazi propaganda was a leaflet bearing a picture of the Star of David and these words: “Whoever bears this sign is an enemy of our people.” Stars of David were also displayed on the windows of Jewish-owned businesses for the same reasons as the armbands were decreed. Once deported to camps, the inmates would be marked in other ways.