These parts of a wall were excavated a few years ago at Tempelhof field. They bear witness to a Nazi place of torture: Columbia House. It was later demolished to make room for the Tempelhof Airport. In 1933 the Nazis began to kidnap their political opponents and Jews. They interned some of them in a former military prison called Columbia House. The prisoners were beaten and tortured. Quite a few died or were shot. For others, it was just the beginning of their ordeal: some escaped into exile, many were deported to concentration camps. Today, just a few artefacts and testimonies prove the existence of Columbia House. One survivor was Paul Koby. He had worked as a salesman in the famous KaDeWe department store, before the Nazis interned him. He later described his imprisonment in an interview, which you can see in this exhibition. Another survivor was Robert Kempner. In 1945 he became a prosecutor at the Nuremberg Trials. In Berlin alone the Nazis set up 170 places for torture, so-called “wild concentration camps